THE BULGARIAN FLORA ONLINE

Viola perinensis

Balkan Violet

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Common names

Balkan Violet

Scientific name

Viola perinensis W. Becker

Conservation status and threats

PROTECTED species in Bulgaria. Endangered¹.

Description and identification

Caulescent, glabrous, perennial herb. Leaves more or less fleshy, entire, rarely shallowly crenate. Flowers odourless, solitary in leaf-axils of middle and upper cauline leaves, obtrapeziform in front view. Petals yellow or blue-violet; upper ones directed upwards, rotundate to almost orbicular; lateral ones patent and bent towards the upper ones, overlapping them considerably; lower one obcordate, with longitudinal violet veins. Fruit a capsule. Flowering May-August².

Habitat

On calcareous rocks and in stony, rocky and grassy places with shallow soil, rarely in coniferous forests. Forms mosaic, dispersed populations. On the rocks it forms communities, and on the rocky and grassy places it grows in small groups or solitary³.

Distribution in Bulgaria

Map of distribution in Bulgaria of Viola perinensis by floristic regions³:

Pirin and Slavyanka mountains, between 1500 and 2800 m altitude⁴.

General distribution

Map of general distribution⁵:

References

1 Dimitar Peev & Sonya Tsoneva. 2015. In: Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Volume 1 - Plants & Fungi.

2 Стоянов, Н. 1964. Пос. източник.

3 Assyov, B., A. Petrova, D. Dimitrov, R. Vassilev. 2012. Conspectus of the vascular flora of Bulgaria, Bulgarian biodiversity foundation, Sofia.

4 Делипавлов, Д. 1979. В: Флора на Н. Р. Република България. Том VІІ. София.

5 Viola perinensis W. Becker | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science.

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