THE BULGARIAN FLORA ONLINE
THE BULGARIAN FLORA ONLINE
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Tutsan.
Hypericum androsaemum L.
The species is PROTECTED in Bulgaria by the Biodiversity Act - it is prohibited to "picking, collecting, cutting, uprooting or any other manner of destruction of specimens in their natural range in the wild", as well as "possession, keeping, movement, transport, export, trade and offering for sale or exchange of specimens taken in the wild". These bans apply to "all stages of life of the plants"1.
Listed in the Red Data Book of Bulgaria to the category "Endangered"2.
Deciduous small shrub. Height to 30-100 cm.
Stems 30–100 cm, erect, greenish brown to greenish black, branched, rounded, 2-lined.
Leaves sessile, broadly ovate to elliptic-ovate, 3–9 cm long.
Inflorescences short terminal racemes.
Flowers usually 1–5(15), 15–30 mm in diameter, erect.
Sepals entire, unequal, with sparse intramarginal glands, deflexed in fruit.
Petals yellow, obovate, asymmetrical, entire or shallowly lobed, eglandular.
Stamens numerous, in 5 fascicles, deciduous; anthers yellow.
Styles 3, shorter than ovary.
Fruit ovoid to globose, fleshy, changing the colour from green through reddish to black when ripe, erect.
Insect and self-pollinated. Reproduction by seeds and vegetative means.
Flowering May-August3.
Grows in moist shady valleys in forests, on well drained soils with various acidity. Forms populations with a small number of individuals4.
Map of distribution in Bulgaria of Hypericum androsaemum by floristic regions (in green)5:
Map of general distribution (green - native, purple - introduced)6:
1 Bulgarian Biodiversity Act in english.
2 Valeri Georgiev. 2015. In: Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Volume 1 - Plants & Fungi.
3 Valeri Georgiev. 2015. In: Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Volume 1 - Plants & Fungi.
4 Valeri Georgiev. 2015. In: Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Volume 1 - Plants & Fungi.
5 Стоянов К., Райчева Цв. & Чешмеджиев И. 2022. Определител на местни и чужди растения в България. Академично издателство на Аграрния университет, Пловдив. ISBN 978-954-517-313-4 www.botanica.gallery [публикуван на 25.06.2022, последна актуализация 01.07.2025] - CC-BY-NC-4.0.
6 Hypericum androsaemum L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science.
The theory of evolution is a lie!